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- Adams, John (2,818 bytes)
5: ...s that created the American character. That same year he also prepared his ''Instructions of the Town o... - Asam, Cosmas Damian and Egid Quirin (3,342 bytes)
3: ...l projects. Cosmas Damian died in Munich the same year he built a chapel on his own estate and Egid Quir... - Bach, Johann Sebastian (7,115 bytes)
6: ... a chorister at St. Michael’s. In 1703, the 18-year-old Bach served as a violinist in the chamber orc...
10: ...ach was the leader of the orchestra. In his nine years in Weimar, he became known as one of Europe’s ...
14: ... given to a musician at the time. During his six years at Kothen, Bach wrote predominantly secular musi...
18: During the first five years of his tenure at Leipzig, Bach composed prodigio...
22: Bach’s years in Leipzig were filled with squabbles with town ... - Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Caron de (4,632 bytes)
3: ...Pierre married the widow, who lived only one more year herself. Inheriting Francquet’s business, Pierr...
7: ...Figaro'' (1782). Both plays were held up for two years before gaining government sanction, whereupon bo... - Beccaria, Cesare Bonesana, Marchese di (3,453 bytes)
5: ...t sent a representative to defend him. Later that year, French ''philosophes'' invited Beccaria to Paris... - Berkeley, George (4,398 bytes)
9: ... with his family to Oxford and died the following year. - Black, Joseph (3,609 bytes)
5: ...try classes under William Cullen. He spent three years as Cullen's assistant and a friendship developed...
9: ...s in 1756 and made Black's reputation. That same year William Cullen left the University of Glasgow to ...
11: ...engine. Black served as a mentor to Watt for many years, as the younger man developed his own steam engi... - Blackstone, William (4,844 bytes)
3: ...758, and principal of New Inn Hall in 1761. That year he married Sarah Clitherow (who bore him nine chi... - Bonaparte, Napoleon (5,706 bytes)
5: ...tion of France. Though frequently violated in the years after 1789, the principles of liberty and equali...
9: ...tegrated in the vastness of Russia. The following year, Bonaparte was defeated at Leipzig, where France ...
11: ...blished a small principality for him. Less than a year later, though, he returned to France, raised fres... - Boswell, James (3,088 bytes)
3: ...sent him to an exclusive academy during his early years, an education that reinforced the boy’s shy an...
5: ... in London, he published an ''Ode to Tragedy''; a year later, he published several pieces of comic verse...
13: Frederick A. Pottle, ''James Boswell: The Early Years, 1740-1769'', 1966.
15: Frank Brady, ''James Boswell: The Later Years, 1769-1795'', 1984. - Boucher, François (5,147 bytes)
7: ...professional and financial success and within one year, he received a commission from the King, which en...
11: ...es, such as symbols of the times of day, times of year or labors of the seasons. His ''Cherub Harvester...
17: ...Boucher received a pension from the crown and ten years later a residence in the Louvre Palace, beginnin... - Bougainville, Louis Antoine (2,974 bytes)
3: ...n academic circles. At the outbreak of the Seven Years War, Bougainville was sent to Canada as aide-de-...
11: ...ndre, a woman twenty years his junior. That same year, he sailed to America with the Comte de Grasse's ... - Chambers, Sir William (2,157 bytes)
3: ...year in Paris studying architecture and then five years in Italy. In 1755, he finally returned to Engla...
5: ...ch became a standard text in the field. The next year, he was named one of two Architects of the Works,... - Chateaubriand, François-René, vicomte (viscount) de (5,005 bytes)
5: ...ense of Christianity, which had been attacked for years by the French ''philosophes'' and revolutionarie...
7: ...ng a second army stint, Chateaubriand spent seven years in exile in England teaching French. In 1800, he... - Chulkov, Mikail (2,092 bytes)
6: ... who bore him a son, Vladimir, in 1766. The same year was his authorial debut, ''The Mocker''. The fir... - Copley, John Singleton (1,771 bytes)
3: ...w England. After his stepfather died in 1753, 13-year-old Copley began his career painting portraits to... - Coulomb, Charles Augustin (3,391 bytes)
7: ...e was sent to the West Indies where he spent nine years building fortifications. His work here in applie...
9: ...calculating the effects of friction. In the same year, he published his first highly acclaimed memoir o... - David, Jacques-Louis (8,270 bytes)
22: ...nically, this painting was completed in 1815, the year of Napoleon's final defeat and exile. - Defoe, Daniel (6,939 bytes)
9: ...ork, which went through ten editions in its first year, Defoe mixed fact and fiction as he reviewed Engl...
11: ...inued to write about Scotland well into his later years in ''Memoirs of the Church of Scotland'' (1717),...
15: Defoe’s major social novels followed a few years after ''Robinson Crusoe''. ''Moll Flanders'' an...
17: ... is best remembered for ''A Journal of the Plague Year'' (1722). He was only a child when the Great Pla... - Diderot, Denis (7,665 bytes)
5: ...gious life waned, along with his piety during his years at the Jesuit college of Louis-le-Grand in Paris...
7: ...ovel, ''The Indiscreet Jewels'' (1748). That same year he rather unheroically endured a three month impr...
11: ...cques]]. Around the same time he embarked on a 15-year affair with an unconventional, well-to-do woman, ... - Fielding, Henry (4,695 bytes)
5: ...ielding’s own ''The Historical Register for the Year 1736'') led to the 1737 Licensing Act, which (in ... - Fonvizin, Denis Ivanovich (2,053 bytes)
7: ...in 1773, he was granted an estate. The following year he married Ekaterina Ivanovna Kholpova. In 1782,...
9: ...fered several more strokes and died the following year on December 1. - Foote, Samuel (3,378 bytes)
7: ...hen the major theaters were closed. Early in the year of his death, he sold the Haymarket, but various ... - Fragonard, Jean-Honoré (5,192 bytes)
3: ...hwork would not be rivaled for nearly one hundred years.
12: ... stream surrounded by verdant foliage. That same year, Fragonard received a commission from the Baron d...
20: ...ting,” the despondent artist left Paris for two years. Diderot also turned against him expressing his... - Franklin, Benjamin (8,632 bytes)
5: ...ld of a candle and soap maker. He had perhaps two years of formal education, then began working in his f...
11: ...''; a huge success, it sold ten thousand copies a year until 1758 and established Franklin’s reputatio...
17: ...resentative and went back to London for an eleven-year visit.
19: ... an old man. Remarkably, he had more than a dozen years of service to his country ahead of him. - Frederick II, the Great (6,317 bytes)
3: During his 40-year reign, Frederick II vastly increased Prussia's we...
9: ...ly elevate it to great power status. In the first year of Frederick's rule, the death of the Habsburg Em...
11: ...iplomatic pressure on Austria unleashed the Seven Years War (1756-63). Prussian troops invaded Saxony, a...
15: Thereafter, Prussia would enjoy 23 years of peace, while continuing to expand its territo... - Gibbon, Edward (5,308 bytes)
5: ... including [[Johnson, Samuel]]’s in 1774. That year he won election to the House of Commons for Liske... - Handel, George Frederick (4,934 bytes)
7: ... of Hanover, although he spent most of the coming years in England, presenting works at the Haymarket Th...
9: ... performances filled a unique gap in the cultural year; theatrical performances and opera were forbidden...
11: ...1752), he began to go steadily blind. After this year, he produced very few works, though he continued ... - Herschel, William (3,428 bytes)
9: ...ime. Various breakthroughs would result from the years of meticulous observation that followed. Among ... - Humboldt, Alexander von (3,993 bytes)
3: ... studying botany with Wildenow in Berlin the next year. In 1792 he accepted a position in the Prussian m...
5: ...rein he almost discovered battery power. The next year he met Frenchman Aimé Bonpland, founder of moder... - Hutcheson, Francis (5,502 bytes)
9: The next year Hutcheson was invited to assume the chair of Mora... - Joseph II (4,713 bytes)
5: ...ession (1741-42, 1744-45), and later in the Seven Years War (1756-63).
13: ...sweeping reforms. He died a disappointed man that year. - Kleist, Heinrich von (3,329 bytes)
9: ...stein Family'', was published in 1803. That same year, he also worked on a drama, ''Robert Guiscard'', ...
11: During the years until his death, Kleist met a number of German l...
13: ... essays, and novellas—occurred in the final ten years of his life. His best-known plays include ''Amp... - Laplace, Pierre Simon de (5,605 bytes)
5: ...hip in the French Academy of Sciences in the same year. In 1786 he took a further step by proving the c...
9: ... in the ''Memoir on Heat'' (1783). The following year, Laplace turned his attention to the problem of s... - Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent (6,224 bytes)
17: ... the government committee on Agriculture the same year. As part of other committee work, he helped to es... - Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim (6,847 bytes)
6: ...on for the next nineteen years. During his early years in Berlin, Lessing attracted much attention as t...
12: ...ncing depiction of the period following the Seven Year War and for its realistic characters. In the pla...
16: Lessing’s final years brought him much difficulty and sorrow. In 1770...
18: During his years at Wolfenbüttel, Lessing was very active as a c...
20: More than two hundred years after his death, Lessing’s influence can still... - Lillo, George (1,701 bytes)
3: ...t over the details of his life (notably his birth year), though two facts are reasonably secure: that he... - Linnaeus, Carolus (5,399 bytes)
5: ...nd the customs of the indigenous Sami people. The year before, he had first committed to paper in ''Hort...
11: ...aeus's collections, library and manuscripts; four years later, Smith co-founded the Linnaean Society of ... - MacLaurin, Colin (1,642 bytes)
3: ... army of the Pretender, and he died the following year in England. - Mandeville, Bernard (6,428 bytes)
5: ... Fontaine'' (1703, expanded and reissued the next year as ''Aesop Dress’d''), ''Typhon, or the War Bet...
9: ... crimes such as abortions, adultery, and rape. A year later, Mandeville published ''An Enquiry into the... - Maria Theresa (5,084 bytes)
5: ...as elected Charles VII in Frankfurt the following year. Maria Theresa was forced to cede Lower Silesia ...
9: ...ance and the subsequent major conflict, the Seven Years War (1756-63), failed to secure Austria's reacqu... - Marivaux, Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de (1,719 bytes)
7: ...ction to the French Academy in 1742. After a five-year illness, he died in Paris on 12 February 1763. - Marmontel, Jean-François (3,541 bytes)
7: ...klash against the ''philosophes''. The following year, [[Pompadour, Marquise de]] appointed him to the ... - Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de (4,749 bytes)
5: ...was sent to Vincennes. He spent three and a half years in close imprisonment, writing ''Errotika biblio... - Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de (6,263 bytes)
7: ...sively throughout Europe. He even resided for two years in England, where he became a Freemason and a me...
11: ... oppression he sanctions, and the strength of the yearning for freedom. Montesquieu’s friends, inciden... - Paine, Thomas (6,570 bytes)
5: ... Although he had been in America for less than a year, Paine quickly became involved in the struggle fo... - Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista (4,266 bytes)
5: ...720, and apparently stayed there for the next ten years studying under a roster of leading music tutors ...
7: ... recovered, however, and died on March 16 of that year at the age of 26. - Priestley, Joseph (7,443 bytes)
9: ...ellow of the Royal Society in 1766. The following year he left teaching and accepted a position as minis...
13: ...nally sailed to America where his sons had gone a year earlier. He settled in Northumberland, Pennsylvan...
15: ...h scientist and government official who in coming years would revolutionize chemistry with his systemati... - Rastrelli, Bartolommeo Francesco (2,094 bytes)
5: ... In 1730, Rastrelli returned to Russia. The same year, he built the Annehof, a palace complex construct...
11: ... into power, and Rastrelli retired. In his later years, he worked on churches, and decorated some palac... - Reid, Thomas (6,139 bytes)
9: ...her than guiding a group of students over several years. Reid became Professor of Philosophy under the n...
11: ...mon Sense''. This prompted his election that same year to the Moral Philosophy chair at Glasgow as [[Smi...
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